纳米铁的绿色合成及其在环境中的应用研究进展

纳米铁（零价铁及铁氧化物）比表面积大、还原能力强、反应活性高，是一种良好的环境功能材料。传统的纳米铁合成方法中，物理方法对反应所需仪器设备要求较高，化学方法使用的还原剂具有毒性，绿色合成方法能够有效克服传统方法的不足之处。本文首先根据合成途径、纳米铁的类型介绍了利用植物和微生物对纳米零价铁（nZVI）及纳米铁氧化物（IONPs）进行绿色合成的方法，同时论述了制备的纳米铁所表现的特征（如形貌、尺寸、聚集倾向、等电位点）。随后总结了纳米铁通过不同反应机制（吸附、还原、催化氧化）去除环境有机、无机污染物（染料、芳香族化合物、硝酸盐、重金属）的应用。最后指出了纳米铁在绿色合成与实际应用过程中存在的挑战性问题及解决方法，以期为纳米铁今后的深入研究和大规模的工业生产应用提供参考依据。     

Metallurgical slag properties as a support material for bimetallic nanoparticles and their use in the removal of malachite green dye

Fe-Cu oxides nanoparticles (Nps) were embedded in two steel slag wastes (SSB and SSW) to develop SSB/Fe-Cu and SSW/Fe-Cu nanocomposites. Nps with mean sizes between 10–20 and 6–10 nm on SSW and SSB, respectively are agglomeration with a different shape. Their characteristics were investigated by XRD, TEM, BET, SEM techniques. The Nps modified the morphology of both support materials. XRD pointed out the presence of Cu and Fe. The proportion of Cu concentration was higher than the one of Fe. Nanocomposites were tested in malachite green removal from aqueous solution. The adsorption kinetic indicated physisorption and chemisorption as the main mechanisms of adsorption. The adsorption capacities were 88.26 and 63.55 mg/g for SSW/Fe-Cu and SSB/Fe-Cu, respectively. This novel, easy to prepare and low-cost nanocomposites is an efficient adsorbent material. The presence of calcium compounds may improve Nps deposition an MG removal. Materials with ferric phases are not as efficient as the first one; Fe is not well supported on the material. The removal of MG took place by dye structure modification and by interactions with Cu nanoparticles improving the oxidation-reduction process, through synergic effects.     

论新疆煤炭行业绿色矿山建设——以哈密大南湖二矿为例

中国绿色矿山建设工作已全面开展。对绿色矿山概念进行了阐述,简要分析了中国绿色矿山的发展现状,以及新疆地区煤炭行业绿色矿山的发展形势,说明了建设绿色矿山的必要性。以哈密大南湖二矿为例,总结了大南湖二矿绿色矿山建设的成功经验,进而为今后煤炭行业绿色矿山建设提出建议与看法。     

Improved Stable Indocyanine Green (ICG)‐Mediated Cancer Optotheranostics with Naturalized Hepatitis B Core Particles

In recent years, hepatitis B core protein virus‐like particle (HBc VLP) is an impressive biomaterial, which has attracted considerable attention due to favorable properties such as structural stability, high uptake efficiency, and biocompatibility in biomedical applications. Heretofore, only a few attempts have been made to apply it in physical, chemical, and biological therapy for cancer. In this study, a tumor‐targeting RGD‐HBc VLP is first fabricated through genetic engineering. For image‐guided cancer phototherapy, indocyanine green (ICG) is loaded into RGD‐HBc VLP via a disassembly/reassembly pathway and electrostatic attraction with high efficiency. The self‐assembled stable RGD‐HBc VLP significantly improves body retention (fourfold longer), aqueous stability, and target specificity of ICG. Remarkably, these positive reformations promote more accurate and sensitive imaging of U87MG tumor, as well as prolonged tumor destruction in comparison with free ICG. Moreover, the photothermal and photodynamic effect on tumors are quantitatively differentiated by multiple linear regression analysis. Overall, less‐potent medicinal ICG can be perfectly rescued by bioengineered HBc VLP to realize enhanced cancer optotheranostics.     

Chitosan–silver nanocomposites: New functional biomaterial for health-care applications

Chitosan–silver nanocomposites (CS-HDA-AgNCs) was prepared using chitosan, biogenic silver nanocomposites, and crosslinker, hexamethylene 1,6-di(amino carboxysulfonate) (HDA). The film is flexible and transparent. Its physical, mechanical, thermal, hydrophilicity, and swelling properties were improved by HDA (2.5%). The antimicrobial activity of CS-HDA-AgNCs were not displayed any remarkable zone of inhibition but showed toxic effect in the presence of normal 3T3 fibroblasts and cancer HeLa cells. It decreases to ca. 5–7% for both cell lines. In conclusion, it can be mentioned that the CS-HDA-AgNCs, a kind of new functional biomaterial, could be useful for health-care applications.     

Enzymatic extraction of fucoxanthin from brown seaweeds

Brown seaweeds contain a number of bioactive compounds. The xanthophyll, fucoxanthin, has in vivo efficacy against disorders such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. Organic solvents are traditionally employed to extract fucoxanthin, but carry a toxic chemical and environmental burden. The aim of this study was to optimise a fucoxanthin extraction method using enzymes, water, low‐temperature dehydration and mechanical blending, to produce yields comparable to those achieved with an organic solvent (acetone). Response surface methodology was applied, using Fucus vesiculosus as a model species. A fucoxanthin yield of 0.657 mg g^?1 (dry mass) was obtained from F. vesiculosus blade using the enzymatic method, equivalent to 94% of the acetone‐extracted yield. Optimum extraction parameters were determined to be enzyme‐to‐water ratio 0.52%, seaweed‐to‐water ratio 5.37% and enzyme incubation time 3.05 h. These findings may be applied to the development of value‐added nutraceutical products from seaweed.     

新时代背景下铀矿绿色勘查技术体系研究*

实施铀矿绿色勘查是新时代生态文明战略背景下全新的勘查模式，也是保障国家安全和能源安全的必然要求。将绿色理念引入铀矿资源勘查中，对铀矿地质勘查的目的、原则、理念、技术手段和工作流程进行了创新，以最少的环境付出和经济成本获取更好的勘查成果和地质信息。在完善铀矿勘查理论体系的基础上，引入“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的发展理念，参照现行的勘查标准选择合适的工程技术，形成了由成矿理论、勘查技术、勘查标准、环境恢复和勘查评价等5个方面构成的铀矿绿色勘查技术体系。